Abdulla ab, niloy aa, shah ta, et al. Laurence moon bardet biedl syndrome. Mymensingh med j. 2009 jan. 18(1 suppl):s124-128. [qxmd medline link]. [guideline] tekgul s, riedmiller h, gerharz e, et al. Micropenis. Guidelines on paediatric urology. 2009 mar. [full text]. [guideline] bhasin s, cunningham gr, hayes fj, et al. Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J clin endocrinol metab. 2010 jun. 95(6):2536-59. [qxmd medline link]. [full text]. Boggs w. Transdermal testosterone doesn't boost psa levels or prostate cancer risk. Medscape medical news jan 15, 2013. Available at http://www. Medscape. Com/viewarticle/777680.

Testosterone is the “male” hormone; it is responsible for the changes that occur in boys during puberty including deepening of the voice, growth of body hair, enlargement of the penis, development of muscle mass, and production of sperm. Testosterone plays an important role in adult men, specifically maintaining these biological functions and also playing a role in sexual function and libido. Low testosterone (sometimes referred to as hypogonadism) is the condition in which blood levels of testosterone are lower than expected. This can be due to certain medical conditions, stress, or problems with the pituitary gland or testicles that may be the result of certain congenital issues, infections, or treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy. https://vigrxofficialstore.wordpress.com/

How is low testosterone diagnosed?

Hypogonadism is a syndrome that causes the body to produce insufficient sex hormones. There are several types of hypogonadism, one of them being late-onset hypogonadism (loh). Loh occurs later on in someone's life. Loh is also sometimes known as "male menopause" or "andropause" because it often occurs around the same age that women experience menopause. Late-onset hypogonadism can cause a variety of symptoms like low sex drive, erectile dysfunction, depression, fatigue, reduced bone density, and more. Loh is both under-diagnosed and under-treated because there is controversy surrounding loh diagnosis within the medical community. There are no clear guidelines as to what range defines low testosterone in older men specifically. https://vigrxofficialstore.wordpress.com/

Low testosterone is diagnosed with a blood test to measure the amount of testosterone in the blood. It may take several measurements to determine if a patient has low testosterone as levels normally fluctuate throughout the day. The highest levels of testosterone are generally in the morning, near 8 a. M. https://vigrxofficialstore.wordpress.com/

How is low testosterone treated?

Male hypogonadism usually is treated with testosterone replacement to return testosterone levels to normal. Testosterone can help counter the signs and symptoms of male hypogonadism, such as decreased sexual desire, decreased energy, decreased facial and body hair, and loss of muscle mass and bone density. For older men who have low testosterone and signs and symptoms of hypogonadism due to aging, the benefits of testosterone replacement are less clear. While you're taking testosterone, the endocrine society recommends that your health care provider monitor you for treatment effectiveness and side effects several times during your first year of treatment and yearly after that.

Men treated with androgen replacement should be monitored regularly to ensure target serum testosterone levels and clinical goals are met, and to perform surveillance for adverse effects of therapy. The timing of serum testosterone measurements varies with each specific formulation. The goal serum testosterone level is typically the mid-normal range (350 ng/dl, 54%, stop therapy until hematocrit decreases into the normal range. Evaluate for osa or other conditions associated with secondary erythrocytosis. Resume therapy at a lower dose. Perform digital rectal examination, check psa, and assess for luts. Obtain urologic consultation for palpable prostate abnormalities, psa 4 ng/l (or 3 ng/l in high risk populations), or ipss 19.

The role of testosterone in stimulating muscle growth and strength is well established. Accordingly, androgenic-anabolic steroids (aas) have been used as performance-enhancing agents to increase physical performance in competitive sport [ 131 ]. In this regard, testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men has been shown to increase muscle mass and reduce fat mass, with limited effects on final weight [ 21 ]. Despite this evidence, the role of testosterone therapy in older men with mobility limitations remains unclear. The national health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2004 [ 132 ] was unable to detect any association between overall circulating testosterone levels and the amount of physical activity.

Male hypogonadism (or low-t) is a condition in which the body doesn't produce enough testosterone — the hormone that plays a key role in masculine growth and development during puberty — or has an impaired ability to produce sperm or both. You may be born with male hypogonadism, or it can develop later in life from injury or infection. The effects — and what you can do about them — depend on the cause and at what point in your life male hypogonadism occurs. Some types of male hypogonadism can be treated with testosterone replacement therapy. Doctors base a diagnosis of hypogonadism on symptoms and results of blood tests that measure testosterone levels.